Abstract
Essential oils are natural products that have great antimicrobial potential value against many fungi and bacteria. Rosa damascena Mill. is one of the most important aromatic species of the Rosaceae family from which essential oil and economically valuable products can be obtained. The present study was designed to investigate the major compositions of the essential oil of this plant in Isfahan region of Iran and to identify its antibacterial and antifungal effects against 11 microorganisms causing human diseases and food spoilage. The essential oil was extracted by using the Clevenger apparatus and was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated by well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC). The results showed that the most important compounds of the essential oil were nonadecane (24.72%), heneicosane (19.325%), oleic acid (17.63%), and citronellol (12.61%). The results also showed that the highest inhibition zone of rose essential oil was against Aspergillus brasiliensis (15.00 ± 0.00 mm) and had a significant effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae (~ 8.00 mm). Also the rose oil had a significant inhibition and lethal effect against Candida albicans (MIC and MBC ~ 125 μg/mL), which is equivalent to the nystatin antibiotic (~ 125 μg/mL). Therefore, the essential oil of Damask rose can be considered as an alternative natural product for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in humans and against food spoilage as well.
Highlights
Natural products, such as essential oils, have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with antimicrobial potential, and may have high potential in bacterial and fungal infections in the near future
This study was performed for the first time to investigate the composition of essential oils obtained from Rose Damascus harvested from Isfahan region of Iran and its antibacterial and antifungal activity
Some difference have been detected among the different areas of Iran and in the world as 34 compounds (97%) were found in the specie harvested from the central part of Iran, 17 compounds (97.42%) from that of the northern of Iran, 8 compounds (99.98%) from that of the Southern of Iran, 8 compounds (84.38%) from that of Pakistan, 48 compounds (75.3%) from that of India and 13 compounds (91%) from that of Bulgaria[7,8,10,15,16,17]
Summary
Natural products, such as essential oils, have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with antimicrobial potential, and may have high potential in bacterial and fungal infections in the near future. (Damask rose), is one of the most important aromatic species of Rosaceae family from which essential oils and high economic value products can be obtained and widely used in various pharmaceuticals, food, perfume, and cosmetic industries[2]. The most important components of the essential oil are citronellol, nonadecane, heneicosane, β-caryophyllene, geraniol, nerol, linalool, and phenyl ethyl a cetate[5]. Essential oil composition of R. damascena is very diverse in different climates areas of Iran. While the chemical composition of this essential oil changed significantly in the northern of Iran as the main components are geraniol, 1-nonadecene, n-tricosane, and h exatriacontane[8]. This study was performed for the first time to investigate the composition of essential oils obtained from Rose Damascus harvested from Isfahan region of Iran and its antibacterial and antifungal activity
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