Abstract
Ethanol-benzene soluble extracts from the heartwood collected from 87 individual teak trees grown in the island of Java were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The variations of quinones (tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, isodeoxylapachol, lapachol, tectol) and other components (palmitic acid, squalene, and two unknown compounds) were investigated for a chemotaxonomical study. There were wide variations in the contents of the constituents among individuals from three habitats, Purwakarta (plantation forest), Randublatung (plantation forest) and Gunungkidul (community forest) regions. Cluster and discriminant analysis results showed that teak trees can be classified into three clusters based on the composition of quinones and squalene. Cluster I was distinguished by relatively high amount of squalene and low amount of quinones. In contrast, high amount of tectoquinone and low amount of squalene was observed in cluster III. Further, comparatively high amount of naphtaquinones (lapachol, deoxylapachol and its isomer) and tectol was found in cluster II. Based on geographical distribution, Purwakarta, Randublatung, and Gunungkidul regions mostly produce cluster II, I, and III type individuals, respectively.
Highlights
Teak that often appears in Java is one of the species most associated with the Javanese since ancient times
This study investigated the variations in quinone constituents of teak and chemotaxonomic study based on the quinones and other related components
On the basis of their chemical structures, the quinones were from naphtaquinone, anthraquinone, as well as naphtaquinone dimer
Summary
Teak that often appears in Java is one of the species most associated with the Javanese since ancient times. Teak is generally classified as a fancy wood and has been used as a general purpose timber. This tree grows throughout the island of Java beginning in easternmost Java (Banyuwangi, East Java Province) and ending in Sukabumi, West Java Province to the west. Past research has confirmed that many quinones are present in teak heartwood (Sandermann and Simatupang 1966; Windeisen et al 2003; Lukmandaru and Takahashi 2009). This study investigated the variations in quinone constituents of teak (tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, isodeoxylapachol, lapachol, and tectol) and chemotaxonomic study based on the quinones and other related components
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