Abstract
The paper presents various dispersive systems developed for sensing toxic substance—ammonia. Polycarbonate dissolved in methylene chloride was used as a polymer matrix, which was enriched with: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conductive polymer (polyaniline—PANi). Dispersive systems were applied to the prefabricated substrates with comb electrodes by two methods: spraying and drop-casting, forming an active chemosensitive to ammonia vapours films. The spraying method involved applying the dispersion to the substrate by an aerograph for a specific time, whereas drop-casting involves depositing of the produced dispersive systems using a precision automatic pipette. The electrical responses of the obtained films were examined for nominal concentrations of ammonia vapours. Different types of dispersions with various composition were tested, the relationships between individual compounds and ammonia were analysed and the most promising dispersions were selected. Sensor containing rGO deposited by drop-casting revealed the highest change in the resistance (14.21%).
Highlights
The presence of volatile chemicals in the working environment often contributes to the loss of life and health in humans
Sensor devices, based on thin films, active to ammonia vapours were deposited to the prefabricated substrates with comb electrodes using two methods: spraying and drop-casting
They were exposed to ammonia vapours, whose concentration in a mixture with clean air amounted to 20 ppm
Summary
The presence of volatile chemicals in the working environment often contributes to the loss of life and health in humans. The air pollution, concentration of harmful and hazardous substances, as well as frequency and duration of the exposure can affect several aspects of human health and well-being [2]. To prevent and control the exposure for volatile compounds the evaluation of the basic risk factors is necessary, as well as use of personal protective equipment and assessment of its service life [3]. Epidemiological data indicate the harmful effects of air pollution on human health [5]. Depending on the nature of human exposure to harmful and hazardous substances, various effects of air pollution have been observed. The two main routes of human exposure to air pollution include inhalation and skin contact. That is why substance penetration through the respiratory tract is regarded as a serious problem [10], and the best protective measures and equipment should be used [11]
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