Chemopreventive Effect of the Germinated Oat and its Phenolic-AVA Extract in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium (AOM/DSS) Model of Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice.

Margarita Damazo-Lima,Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho,Iza F Pérez-Ramírez,Ericka A De Los Ríos,Guadalupe Rosas-Pérez,Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán,Minerva Ramos-Gomez

doi:10.3390/foods9020169

Margarita Damazo-Lima, Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9020169

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Abstract

The consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the content of natural compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. The oat (Avena sativa L.) is a unique source of avenanthramides (AVAs), among other compounds, with chemopreventive effects. In addition, oat germination has shown enhanced nutraceutical and phytochemical properties. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of the sprouted oat (SO) and its phenolic-AVA extract (AVA) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC mouse model. Turquesa oat seeds were germinated (five days at 25 °C and 60% relative humidity) and, after 16 weeks of administration, animals in the SO- and AVA-treated groups had a significantly lower inflammation grade and tumor (38–50%) and adenocarcinoma (38–63%) incidence compared to those of the AOM+DSS group (80%). Although both treatments normalized colonic GST and NQO1 activities as well as erythrocyte GSH levels, and significantly reduced cecal and colonic β-GA, thus indicating an improvement in the intestinal parameters, the inflammatory states, and the redox states of the animals, SO exerted a superior chemopreventive effect, probably due to the synergistic effects of multiple compounds. Our results indicate that oats retain their biological properties even after the germination process.

Highlights

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death around the world, and its burden is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million cancer deaths between and 2030 [1]
The results obtained in our study suggest that, despite the fact that inflammation was still presented in colonic samples of treated groups, compounds present in sprouted oat (SO) and its phenolic AVA extract could be blocking, inhibiting, or delaying the carcinogenesis process, during the stage from promotion to transformation, which is where early lesions evolve into neoplastic lesions that can become malignant [39,40,63]
This work delivers information regarding the identification of the chemical families in Turquesa oat seeds previously reported in other oat varieties, their enhanced abundance differences compared to those of sprouted oats, and their association with the chemoprotective effect observed in this study

Summary

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death around the world, and its burden is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million cancer deaths between and 2030 [1]. Foods 2020, 9, 169 occurs [2] The etiology of this disease is diverse; there are two main risk factors associated: 80–90% of CRC cases are due to environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle, while only 10–20%. Are due to hereditary factors or genetic alterations In this regard, diets high in saturated fat and the consumption of processed red meats along with diets low in vegetable and cereal intake increase the risk of CRC [3,4,5]. (common oat) is considered the most important species among cultivated oats [7] In this sense, oats of the Turquesa variety, derived from a cross with the Karma variety, have the characteristics of high adaptation, yield stability, and disease-resistance [8]

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