Abstract
Rocaglamide (1) is the parent cyclopenta[b]benzofuran derivative which was first identified as an antileukemic agent from the dried roots and stems of Aglaia elliptifolia Merr. (family Meliaceae) in 1982. Based on these findings, phytochemical interest in this genus increased sharply and up to date, more than 100 rocaglamide-type (= flavagline) compounds and structurally related derivatives have been identified from over 30 Aglaia species. Rocaglamide-type compounds show pronounced pharmacological activities including primarily (but not exclusively) antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. The molecular mechanisms underlying these activities have been elucidated in recent years and established rocaglamide and several of its derivatives as interesting candidates for drug development especially in the field of anti-cancer research. Due to their unique structural features and promising pharmacological activities, several strategies leading to total synthesis of enantiomeric rocaglamide derivatives were developed and optimized. This chapter reviews the chemistry and biology of the rocaglamide-type derivatives and related compounds, with emphasis on their structural diversity, biosynthesis, pharmacological significance and total synthesis.
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