ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products with Polyene Amide Structures

Abstract

Abstract A general overview of the chemical structure, synthesis, natural sources and biological activity of different types of natural products with polyene amide structures is described. Isobutylamine, pyrrolidine and piperidine amides from Compositae, Piperaceae and Rutaceae families, which have a straight-chain fatty acid or the piperonal unit, mainly used as insecticides, have been considered. Open chain polyenamides isolated from fungals such as trichostatin, aranorosin and the compound YH-47522 are especially active as antibiotics. The manumycin family antibiotics and other polyene amides derived from 2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopenten-2-one, produced mainly by Streptomyces species, show antifungal, enzyme inhibitory activity and antibacterial action. Polyenoyltetramic acids have been isolated mainly from microbial sources or from sponges and they are potent antibiotics with antiviral and antiulcerative properties. The natural antitumor agents bearing the pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine ring system, such as anthramycin, porothramycin A and mazethramycin also have the dienamide moiety and are produced by Streptomyces species. The macrolactamic ansamycin antibiotics present an aliphatic bridge with a dienamide moiety linking two non-adjacent positions of an aromatic nucleus, either naphthalene or benzene. They present a significant range of antitumor, antifungal, herbicidal, angiostatic, antiviral and antiprotozoal activity, and constitute the largest family of polyene amide natural products.