Abstract
The effects of the concentration and chemical structure of 2-substituted benzoimidazoles (BIs) on copper and zinc dissolution in phosphate electrolytes were studied. X-ray photoelectron study of copper or zinc electrodes revealed that their surface coverages with an inhibitor depend on its concentration in solution; metal complexes with the inhibitor form a protective surface film. The protective effects of substituted BIs on copper and zinc in phosphate electrolytes vary with the chemical structure of an inhibitor and the metal nature. Electron-withdrawing groups enhance the inhibitive effects of BIs on copper dissolution, while electron-donating groups are favorable for zinc protection; this is associated with the different σ- and π-bonding abilities of these metals. The formation of protective copper complexes is facilitated by π-bonding between the metal and an inhibitor, while zinc is protected best in the presence of strong σ-bonds.
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