Abstract
Propolis is a natural product obtained from hives. Its chemical composition varies depending on the flora of its surroundings, but nevertheless, common for all types of propolis, they all exhibit remarkable biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of a novel Spanish Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (SEEP). It was found that this new SEEP contains high amounts of polyphenols (205 ± 34 mg GAE/g), with unusually more than half of this of the flavonoid class (127 ± 19 mg QE/g). Moreover, a detailed analysis of its chemical composition revealed the presence of olive oil compounds (Vanillic acid, 1-Acetoxypinoresinol, p-HPEA-EA and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) never detected before in propolis samples. Additionally, relatively high amounts of ferulic acid and quercetin were distinguished, both known for their important therapeutic benefits. Regarding the antimicrobial properties of SEEP, the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were found at the concentrations of 240 and 480 µg/mL, respectively. Importantly, subinhibitory concentrations were also found to significantly decrease bacterial growth. Therefore, the results presented here uncover a new type of propolis rich in flavonoids with promising potential uses in different areas of human health.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the propolis composition and biological activity
Investigations have revealed that polyphenols play a key role to prevent bacterial infections and various diseases, like hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and cancer
Investigations have revealed that polyphenols play a key role to prevent bacterial infections and various diseases, like hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and cancer insurgence [22,23,24,25]
Summary
There has been a renewed interest in the propolis composition and biological activity. Propolis is a natural substance collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of certain plants and trees, mixed with pollen and salivary enzymes secreted by the bees themselves. It is used by these flying insects to seal the holes in their hives, smooth out the internal walls, exclude draught and, most importantly, protect their hive from intruders [1]. It has been used in folk medicine for centuries, and modern science has revealed substantial evidence indicating that propolis has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and immunomodulating properties [2,3]. Due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, it has recently attracted much attention as an alternative to minimize the spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria in the medical field.
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