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Abstract
The most energy demanding process in the cement industry is clinker production, carried out in a rotary kiln. Thus, rotary kiln energetic and exergetic analyses are useful tools to reach cement production process improvements. Energetic analysis is based on the first law of thermodynamics and allows one to calculate the heat uses and losses. On the other hand, exergetic analysis is based on a combination of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and allows quantifying process irreversibilities. Some rotary kiln exergy analyses neglect the mass flows chemical exergy in the exergetic analysis, considering only the fuel chemical exergy. In this work, chemical exergy impact on this analysis was evaluated. Pre-calcination effect was also studied. Rotary kiln classical and modern exergetic efficiency considering all the chemical exergy contributions were 55.5% and 41.8%, respectively, while considering just the fuel chemical exergy were 38.2% and 22.6%, respectively. The results showed that it is inadequate to neglect the mass flows chemical exergy, since their contribution in the exergetic analysis was relevant. Furthermore, it was observed that the method adopted in the process efficiency evaluation affects the system interpretation. Considering the modern exergetic efficiency, results showed that, the higher the pre-calcination, the higher rotary kiln efficiency.
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