Abstract
We studied chemical etching treatment on the surface of titanium implant materials, specifically 2 mm thick Grade 2 and nanoparticulate titanium discs, aiming to modify the surface roughness of samples. For chemical etching we investigated changes in reaction time on the surface (15-600 seconds). During the research we obtained the changes of thickness, mass and the surface roughness on both sides of every disc after the acid etching. The resulting surface was examined with optical stereo and reflected-light microscopy and electron microscopy. As a result we found that the optimal etching parameters are an etching time of 30 seconds, etching solution of 9 V/V% hydrofluoric acid, 12 V/V% nitric acid and distilled water and a temperature of 30°C, because with this protocol the burr from milling detaches from the surface.
Highlights
Dental implants are used to anchor prostheses into bone
We studied chemical etching treatment on the surface of titanium implant materials, 2 mm thick Grade 2 and nanoparticulate titanium discs, aiming to modify the surface roughness of samples
Materials and methods For our experiments we used Grade 2 titanium discs and nanoparticulate titanium discs
Summary
Dental implants are used to anchor prostheses into bone. Often these implants are made of a range of types of titanium. The manufacturer Struers recommends the most common chemical etchant for titanium, namely Kroll’s reagent This consists of 100 ml water, 1-3 ml hydrofluoric acid and 2-6 ml nitric acid. The titanium can be colour etched with Weck’s reagent composed of 100ml water and 5g ammonium bifluoride Another preparation of Struers is Electrolyte A3-l which is advised for etching surfaces for materialographic preparations. In our research we carried out chemical etching on implant materials, Grade 2 and nanoparticulate titanium in order to modify the surface roughness of the samples. The aim of our research was to find the optimal parameter settings, where the irregularities (burrs and grooves) caused by the milling procedure disappear If these treatment settings can be made into a repeatable protocol it could help create tailored implant surface textures to which living bone can reliably anchor. The protocol determined in our research can be applied to surface treatments where a smoother surface is required
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