Abstract
The concentrations of inorganic aerosol components in the fine particulate matter (PMfine⩽2.5 μm) consisted of primarily ammonium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride are related to the transfer time scale between gas to particle phase, which is a function of the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and their gas phase constituent concentrations in the atmosphere. This study involved understanding the magnitude of major ammonia sources; and an up-wind and down-wind (receptor) ammonia, acid gases, and fine particulate measurements; with a view to accretion gas-to-particle conversion (GTPS) process in an agricultural/rural environment. The observational based analysis of ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles by annular denuder system (ADS) coupled with a Gaussian dispersion model provided the mean pseudo-first-order kS-1 between NH3 and H2SO4 aerosol ∼5.00 (±3.77)×10−3 s−1. The rate constant was found to increase as ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation increases, and decreases with increasing relative humidity. The observed [NH3][HNO3] products exceeded values predicted by theoretical equilibrium constants, due to a local excess of ammonia concentration.
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