Abstract
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. is used in traditional medicine and has various established biological activities, however, the species is considered to be a potentially invasive alien tree species for Bulgarian flora. However, there is still much to be studied about the phytochemical and biological characteristics of the species. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the ethanol extracts of aerial plant parts, by GC-MS analysis, and to thereby evaluate their in vitro antitumor and antibacterial properties. All three extracts were tested against the HT-29 and PC3 tumor cell lines using the MTT assay. Fifty-six components were identified from leaf, flower, and stem bark extracts, and over 10% were the following constituents: pyrogallol, α-terpinyl acetate, neryl acetate, and α-terpinyl isobutanoate. The oxygenated monoterpenes predominated in the extracts, followed by the oxygenated aliphatics and phenylpropanoids. Significant antiproliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line (IC50–21.44 µg/mL and 23.63 µg/mL, respectively) was found for the flower and leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity was established for the following bacteria strains: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus NCTC 10320, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 6027, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380. The stem bark and flower extracts showed better antimicrobial potential. K. paniculata could be considered as a potential source of biologically active substances with antitumor and antibacterial properties.
Highlights
Nowadays, more and more authors are studying the chemical composition of various plant extracts in order to find new sources, of plant origin, to combat resistant human pathogens and cancers
K. paniculata has been the subject of some phytochemical studies concerning various plant extracts, such as ethanol [2,11,12,13,14,15], methanol [1,13,14,15], benzene/ethanol [13,14,15], and formaldehyde [13], as solvents establishing the different groups of natural components
The three samples were analyzed via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis
Summary
More and more authors are studying the chemical composition of various plant extracts in order to find new sources, of plant origin, to combat resistant human pathogens and cancers. K. paniculata has been the subject of some phytochemical studies concerning various plant extracts, such as ethanol [2,11,12,13,14,15], methanol [1,13,14,15], benzene/ethanol [13,14,15], and formaldehyde [13], as solvents establishing the different groups of natural components. The authors have analyzed several extracts of bark, wood, branches, leaves, and roots using GC-MS analysis; it was not implemented for the identification of the chemical composition of the plant flowers They found different groups of active components (fatty acids, phenols, mono and triterpenes, sterols, vitamin E, and others). The present study investigated the qualitative and quantitative composition of the ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of K. paniculata and evaluated their in vitro antitumor and antibacterial activities
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