Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of leaf and stem essential oils of Bryophyllum pinnatum (lam.) Kurz

Kingsley Adibe Mbachu,Michael Gabriel Ibok,Omotola Esther Ajala,Mukaram Akintunde Adeniyi-Akee

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2019.9.2.0184

Kingsley Adibe Mbachu, Michael Gabriel Ibok + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.9.2.0184

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Abstract

Essential oils of air-dried samples of leaf and stem Bryophyllum pinnatum obtained by hydro-distillation in an all glass clevenger-type apparatus gave percentage yield of 0.14 and 0.55 respectively. The essential oils (EOs) were subjected to analysis using gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifteen (15) compounds representing 97.78% of B. pinnatum leaf essential oil and seventeen (17) compounds, accounting for 97.23% B. pinnatum stem essential oil were identified. The major compounds present in leaf B. pinnatum essential oil were 1-octen-3-ol (19.52%), supraene (16.63%), 1-heneicosanol (12.00%), 2,5-dimethylheptane (8.42%) and (E)-9-eicosene (6.90%) while the main compounds of B. pinnatum stem were (E)-5-eicosene (25.71%), oleamide (20.25%), isolongifolol (13.07%) and β-gurjunene (7.71%). Both leaf and stem essential oils contain oleamide (5.63% and 20.25%), (E)-5-eicosene (6.99% and 25.71%), hexahydropseudoionone (2.24% and 2.66%) and phytol (3.73% and 3.09%) respectively. The Inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (in µg/mL) of scavenging activity of the leaf essential oil were 789 and stem essential oil had 829 compared to standards (butylated hydroxyl anisole 40.39 and ascorbic acid 55.22) which indicated a moderate antioxidant activity. We report the chemical compound present in leaf and stem essential oils and their antioxidant properties.

Highlights

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz., (Crassulaceae) commonly known as the leaf of Life or life plant is a succulent perennial medicinal herb that grows 3 – 5 feet tall, with a fleshy dark green foliage, distinctively scalloped and hemmed in red and pendulous flowers [1]
B. pinnatum is known as a universal antidote due to its abundant medicinal uses for the treatment of several ailments and it is well known for haemostatic and wound healing properties [3]
3,8-dimethoxy-4,5,7trihydroxyflavone, friedelin, epigallocatechin-3-o-syringate, luteolin, kaempferol [17], the plant is a good source of bufadienolides [18]

Summary

Introduction

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz., (Crassulaceae) commonly known as the leaf of Life or life plant is a succulent perennial medicinal herb that grows 3 – 5 feet tall, with a fleshy dark green foliage, distinctively scalloped and hemmed in red and pendulous flowers [1]. It usually grows in tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate climatic zone used in folk medicine in Africa, tropical America, India, China and Australia. As a result of the medicinal importance of B. pinnatum, this research is aimed to determine the chemical constituents of the leaf and stem essential oils of B. pinnatum and the antioxidant activity using 1,1–diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH)

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