Abstract
. Rock dusts in association with organic sources have been used in agriculture to improve soil chemical characteristics and food composition. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the rock dusts siltstone, tephrite, and olivine melilitite pure or combined and associated or not with cattle manure on the chemical composition of soybean seeds of the cultivar BRS 232 grown on a Cambisol and Nitisol subjected to these treatments and conventional fertilization. For this, an experiment was carried out with pots in a greenhouse using a Cambisol and Nitisol to cultivate the soybean from January to May 2019 until seed production. The seeds were harvested, ground, and sieved through a 1 mm mesh sieve to determine the nutrient, phytate, and crude protein contents. The effects of the rock dusts on the chemical composition of seeds were directly related to the chemical characteristics of the evaluated soils. The tested rock dusts had a more pronounced response in the Cambisol (poorer soil) than in the Nitisol (more fertile). The contents and accumulation of nutrients in the seeds, as well as the total dry matter production in both soils subjected to the treatments with the rock dusts olivine melilitite and siltstone + olivine melilitite, pure and combined with manure, were similar and, in some cases, higher than the treatments subjected to conventional fertilization. The combination of manure and rock dusts provided an increase in the concentration of nutrients in both soils, resulting in their higher availability for plants and directly reflecting on the chemical composition of seeds.
Highlights
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the rock dusts siltstone, tephrite, olivine melilitite, and siltstone + olivine melilitite pure or combined and associated or not with cattle manure on the chemical composition of soybean seeds of the cultivar BRS 232 grown on two soils with different physicochemical characteristics subjected to these rock dusts and conventional fertilization
The results show a statistical similarity among the contents of nutrients in the soybean seeds (Table 4) produced in the control treatments and those subjected to pure siltstone and tephrite relative to the other pure products associated or not with manure at different doses, these rocks may not have been effective in releasing nutrients to the soil and, to the plants compared to the control
The contents and accumulation of nutrients in the seeds, as well as the total dry matter production in the two soils subjected to the treatments with the rock dusts olivine melilitite and siltstone + olivine melilitite, pure and combined with manure, were similar and, in some cases, higher than the treatments subjected to conventional fertilization
Summary
Soil management practices need to be carried out to meet the requirements of plants at different stages of development, mainly during seed production, directly reflecting on its chemical composition. Most of the Brazilian territory is composed of weathered and acidic soils, with low cation exchange capacity (CEC), high Al3+ and Mn contents, low Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, the sum of bases, and base saturation contents, and P as the most limiting nutrient, which are undesirable characteristics for good development of the main crops (Yang, Zhang, Cong, Wang, & Shi, 2013; Tandzi, Mutengwa, Ngonkeu, & Gracen, 2018). The use of high amounts of soil acidity correctives and soluble fertilizers is necessary to achieve good productivity in these soils, resulting in an increased dependence on external inputs, high production costs for farmers, and soil and water pollution when misused (Brito, Batista, Moreira, Morais, & Silva, 2019)
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