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Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus is an aromatic member of the Anacardiaceae family, endemic to the Mediterranean regions, which produces red and black oleaginous seeds in maturity. Our study focuses on the characterization of Pistacia lentiscus seed oils from three localities of High Atlas Mountain in the Azilal region of Morocco. Our results showed a very appreciable oil yield reaching more than 21% which clearly differs between the three sites studied (21.33 ± 0.17% in Boizoghrane, 15.22 ± 0.10% in Tighanimine, and 7.67 ± 0.29% in Tawjanizm locality); the analysis of the total fatty acids composition revealed a predominance of the unsaturated fatty acids represented essentially by the oleic and linoleic fatty acids, and also the triglyceride composition was dominated mainly by POO + SOL, POL + SLL + PoOP, and OOO. This potential of the chemical composition offers the possibility of producing nutraceutical oil, which represents a source of income capable of insisting vulnerable local populations to protect this species from deforestation, thus maintaining biodiversity, and to reduce by this interest the migratory flow from marginal areas.
Highlights
Pistacia lentiscus, known as Mastic tree, is named in Morocco as “Drou” or “Tidit.” is plant is a membership of the Anacardiaceae family
Oil Content. e seeds show a good oil yield, and the average values obtained from studied localities are shown in Figure 1. e highest oil content corresponded to Boizoghrane seed at 21.33 ± 0.17%. is value is almost consistent with that found by Boukeloua et al.’s study [8] of lentisk seeds from west of Skikda (Algeria) (20.25% ± 0.10), followed by Tighanimine at 15.22 ± 0.10%. is yield is higher than that reported by Charef et al [10] (11.72%) for red mastic fruit of lentisk collected from a forest located 70 km from the Algerian capital, and the lowest value was obtained for Tawjanizm seed oil at 7.67 ± 0.29%, which is close to the value obtained for P. lentiscus harvested in France by Ferlay (9.8%)
Fatty Acid Composition. e fatty acid composition of Pistacia lentiscus seeds is shown in Table 2. e lentisk oils of the three localities had high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) with values between 52.43% and 53.67% of total fatty acids (TFA)
Summary
Known as Mastic tree, is named in Morocco as “Drou” or “Tidit.” is plant is a membership of the Anacardiaceae family. It is a three-meter-high branched shrub with a resin odor [1]. Its leaves are paripennial and persistent and are found in lowland, low, and medium mountains in Morocco, under semiarid, humid, subhumid, and perhumid bioclimates [2]. Lentisk is known for its medicinal properties since antiquity. It used and practiced in traditional medicines for treatment of ulcers, eczema, hypertension, sore throat, cough, and kidney stones [3]. Mastic seed oil is often used as an application remedy to treat burns or back pain [4]
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