Chemical composition of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins assessed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy

Abstract

Melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins are commonly used in the production of wood-based panels. The composition of the resin influences many properties of the final product. In industrial production, some properties, such as viscosity, pH, solid content, or molar ratio, are assessed after resin production in order to evaluate if they are within the desired parameters. These properties are useful for quality control of amino resins. However, almost no information is obtained if a certain type of reagent or filler is wrongly added to the formulation, even though the resin's final adhesive performance will be affected. Evaluation of the molar ratio of the reagents might be the only of the few industrially used tests capable of making this assessment. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a fast and reliable technique for quality control of amino resins and can give a wide range of information regarding chemical composition of these products. This work intends to test the capability of NIR to assess several properties related to MUF resins’ chemical composition. The approach considered two types of problems: 1) whether there was a flaw on resin manufacture process and 2) which raw-material (amount or kind) was incorrectly added to the reactor. Using NIR spectra of a wide range of MUF resins, several models were established to predict the molar ratio of formaldehyde and urea (F/U), molar ratio of formaldehyde and melamine (F/M), molar ratio of formaldehyde and amino groups (F/(NH2)2), total urea (% U) and total melamine (% M). These models were constructed using the multivariate technique of Partial Least Squares (PLS) and could successfully determine the properties of a set of industrial resins. The coefficients of variation (CV) obtained were equal or lower than 5%, except for the property of F/M, which was 17%. A more thorough analysis of the established models reveals that spectral components of melamine are harder to extract by PLS than components of formaldehyde or urea.