Chemical composition of A and F dwarf members of the Coma Berenices open cluster

Abstract

Aims. Abundances of 18 chemical elements have been derived for 11 A (normal and Am) and 11 F dwarfs members of the Coma Berenices open cluster in order to set constraints on evolutionary models including transport processes (radiative and turbulent diffusion) calculated with the Montreal code. Methods. A spectral synthesis iterative procedure has been applied to derive the abundances from selected high quality lines in high resolution high signal-to-noise echelle spectra obtained with ELODIE at the Observatoire de Haute Provence. Results. The chemical pattern found for the A and F dwarfs in Coma Berenices is reminiscent of that found in the Hyades and the UMa moving group. In graphs representing the abundances [X/H] versus the effective temperature, the A stars often display abundances much more scattered around their mean values than the F stars do. Large star-to-star variations are detected for A stars in their abundances of C, O, Na, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr, Y, Zr and Ba which we interpret as evidence of transport processes competing with radiative diffusion. The abundances of Mn, Ni, Sr and Ba are strongly correlated with that of iron for A and Am stars. In contrast the ratios [C/Fe] and [O/Fe] appear to be anticorrelated with [Fe/H] as found earlier for field A dwarfs. All Am stars in Coma Berenices are deficient in C and O and overabundant in elements heavier than Fe but not all are deficient in calcium and/or scandium. The F stars have solar abundances for almost all elements except for Mg, Si, V and Ba. The derived abundances patterns, [X/H] versus atomic number, for the slow rotator HD 108642 (A2m) and the moderately fast rotator HD 106887 (A4m) were compared to the predictions of self consistent evolutionary model codes including radiative and different amounts of turbulent diffusion. None of the models reproduces entirely the overall shape of the abundance pattern. Conclusions. While part of the discrepancies between derived and predicted abundances may be accounted for by non-LTE effects, the inclusion of competing processes such as rotational mixing in the radiative zones of these stars seems necessary to improve the agreement between observed and predicted abundance patterns.