Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activities, in silico PASS, ADMET study and molecular docking of essential oils from Cinnamomum glanduliferum at various drying conditions

Abstract

Cinnamomum glanduliferum is an aromatic evergreen plant of family Lauraceae. In this work, various drying conditions like sun, shade and oven (at 40°C and 50°C) were used to explore the variation in the essential oil composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activities, as well as in silico ADMET and molecular docking study of leaves of the C. glanduliferum species. Fresh and dried samples were hydro-distilled using Clevenger equipment, and the resulting essential oil was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Egg albumin was used to perform in-vitro anti-inflammatory action. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 radical scavenging, and iron metal chelating activities. α-Amylase inhibition activity was also performed on all samples. 1,8-Cineole (44.26 to 58.80%), sabinene (16.68 to 20.50%), and α-terpineol (9.04 to 10.50%) were the main components of the oils of the dried samples. The shade-dried sample had the highest essential oil yield, followed by the sun-dried, oven-dried at 50°C, and oven-dried at 40°C. The maximum antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities were demonstrated by oven -dried plant material at 40°C, whereas the lowest activities were exhibited by an oven sample at 50°C. On the other hand, oven dried samples at 50°C had the highest anti-inflammatory activity; while oven dried samples at 40°C had the lowest. Drying procedures influenced essential oil composition and yield. The sample dried in an oven at 40°C preserved the most 1,8-cineole, indicating it the most effective drying method for C. glanduliferum. Furthermore, the oven 40°C sample demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities.