Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of the Egyptian lemongrass &lt;i&gt;Cymbopogon proximus&lt;/i&gt; Stapf

Samy A Selim

doi:10.3989/gya.033810

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil (Eo) and methanol extract from a unique, Egyptian endemic plant, Cymbopogon proximus STAPF. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled Eo of C. proximus was analyzed by a GC and GC/MS system. A total of 19 constituents representing 95.47% of the oil were identified: piperitone (72.44%), elemol (9.43%), α - eudesmol (4.34%), limonene (2.45%) and β- eudesmol (1.26%) were the main components comprising 88.92% of the oil. The antimicrobial test results showed that the Eo of C. proximus strongly inhibited the growth of the test bacteria studied, except for yeast species while the methanol extract had moderate antibacterial, but no anti- candida activity. Bacillus cereus and Salmonella choleraesuis were proven to be the most susceptible against Eo. The exposure time of Eo for complete inhibition of cell viability of B. cereus and S. choleraesuis were found to be 5 % at 10 min and 1% at 10 min, respectively. The antioxidative potential of the samples was evaluated using methods of inhibition of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) system. The methanol extract was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH with an IC 50 of 48.66±3.1 μg/ml. The results presented here may suggest that the Eo and extracts of C. proximus possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and therefore, can be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceuticals.

Highlights

Knowledge about the medicinal plants of the Ancient Egyptians came to us through the offerings of the dead found in tombs, the earliest designs and inscriptions on the walls of temples, and the records available in papyri such as the Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC)
The antimicrobial test results showed that the essential oil (Eo) of C. proximus strongly inhibited the growth of the test bacteria studied, except for yeast species while the methanol extract had moderate antibacterial, but no anti-candida activity
The results presented here may suggest that the Eo and extracts of C. proximus possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and can be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceuticals

Summary

Introduction

Knowledge about the medicinal plants of the Ancient Egyptians came to us through the offerings of the dead found in tombs, the earliest designs and inscriptions on the walls of temples, and the records available in papyri such as the Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC). These show that the Ancient Egyptians were acquainted with a great number of medicinal plants and their products. Several studies reported antimicrobial activities in lemongrass (C. citratus) oil (Onawunmi, 1980, Hammer et al, 1999; Saikia et al, 2001; Appendini and Hotchkiss, 2002; Daferera et al, 2003; Pereira et al, 2004; Leimanna et al, 2009)

Results

Discussion

Conclusion