Abstract
In this study, the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was evaluated for putative antibacterial activity against six clinical strains and five reference strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in comparison with some antimicrobials. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed, using chromatography (CG) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled (CG–MS). The major compounds in the oil were Carvacrol (32.36%), α-terpineol (16.70%), p-cymene (16.24%), and Thymol (12.05%). The antimicrobial activity was determined by an agar well diffusion test. A broth microdilution method was used to study the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was also determined. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil (IC50) was <125 µg/mL for THP-1 cells, which was high in comparison with different MIC values for the A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. O. vulgare essential oil did not interfere with the neutralizing capacity of Psidium guajava against the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. In addition, it was shown that the O. vulgare EO had an antibacterial effect against A. actinomycetemcomitans on a similar level as some tested antimicrobials. In view of these findings, we suggest that O.vulgare EO may be used as an adjuvant for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases associated to A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, it can be used together with the previously tested leukotoxin neutralizing Psidium guajava.
Highlights
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a capnophilic Gram-negative coccobacillus, widely known as one of the putative pathogens associated with periodontitis, mainly in adolescents and young adults [1]
The aim of the present work was to study the antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO of Moroccan origin on A. actinomycetemcomitans
The chemical analysis of O. vulgare EO was performed by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique
Summary
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a capnophilic Gram-negative coccobacillus, widely known as one of the putative pathogens associated with periodontitis, mainly in adolescents and young adults [1]. Pathogenesis of periodontitis is very complex, including immunogenetic factors, life style, proportion, and composition of specific periodontitis associated bacterial species, including. A. actinomycetemcomitans in the oral biofilm [2]. The contribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans in initiation and progression of the disease is due to various virulent factors released in periodontal tissues [3]. A total of seven serotypes (a,b,c,d,e,f, and g) [2,4] of A. actinomycetemcomitans have been isolated from periodontal lesions worldwide. Patients seem to be colonized by a single serotype for life [2]. Among virulence factors of the bacterium, the leukotoxin (LtxA) is the most studied [3,5]
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