Abstract
Protium heptaphyllum is a plant widely distributed in Brazilian ecosystems that produce a resin which has pharmacological activities. In this study, the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, and the possible mechanism of action against the bacterium V. parahaemolyticus of essential oil from P. heptaphyllum (EOPH) were investigated. Twenty-two components were detected in EOPH, and β-phellandrene (60.68%) had the majority. The inhibition halo, MIC, and MBC values were 11 mm, 2 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL, respectively. Biofilm biomass inhibition and biomass reduction of the preformed biofilm were detected at 4 mg/mL EOPH concentration. The assays of cell constituent release and membrane permeability indicated that EOPH may disrupt the cell membrane, leading to leakage of intracellular constituent as reducing sugars and materials with an absorbance of 260 nm.
Highlights
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) is a tree which belongs to the Burseraceae family that produces an amorphous and aromatic resin with pharmacological activities in nervous and immunological systems and gastrointestinal tract [1]
Bacterium and Culture Media. e strain of V. parahaemolyticus serotype K 15 isolated from an outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in Cascavel (CE) in 1975 [7] was provided by the Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Fish of the Institute of Marine Sciences of the Federal University of Ceara. e strain was stocked in skim milk (Difco) with glycerol and was reactivated in tryptone soy broth (TSB) (Difco) containing 1% NaCl, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours
A qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of the EOPH by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out on a Shimadzu model spectrophotometer, model QP-2010 (Kyoto, Japan), operating with an ionization energy of 70 eV
Summary
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) is a tree which belongs to the Burseraceae family that produces an amorphous and aromatic resin with pharmacological activities in nervous and immunological systems and gastrointestinal tract [1]. It is used in folk medicine as an analgesic and antiinflammatory agent, in healing, and as an expectorant, which is rich in pentacyclic triterpenes and essential oils [2]. With the chemical composition rich in terpenes, the essential oil obtained from P. heptaphyllum resin (EOPH) has been studied due to its potential antibacterial effect [3]; the effect against the Vibrio parahaemolyticus species is still incipient. Noncholera bacteria can lead to several clinical manifestations, most commonly mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis
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