Abstract
Piper ovatum Vahl (Piperaceae), an herbaceous plant occurring throughout Brazil, is popularly known as „joão burandi“ or „anesthetic.“ It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammations [1] and as an analgesic [2]. The chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the leaves of Piper ovatum by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. The main constituents were δ-Amorphene (16.5%), cis-Muurola-4(14),5-diene (14.29%) and γ- Muurolene (13.26%). The hydroalcoholic extract of Piper ovatum leaves and isolated compounds piperovatine, piperlonguminine and essential oil were screened for their antimicrobial activity by microdilution MIC and disc diffusion method respectively. The amides were made determination adherence inhibition assay and cytotoxicity assay. Hydroalcoholic extracts of different parts of Piper ovatum Vahl, essential oil, and amides isolated from leaves were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida species. All extracts and amides were active against Bacillus subtilis and Candida tropicalis, including clinical strains. Essential oil was active against C. tropicalis. These amides showed an inhibitory effect on the adherence of C. tropicalis ATCC 28707 on cover glasses at 10µg/ml, but did not show morphological alterations at the tested concentrations. Amides were identified as piperovatine and piperlonguminine, and showed MIC values of 15.6 and 31.2µg/ml to B. subtilis and 3.9µg/ml to C. tropicalis, and low toxic effects to confluent Vero cells monolayers and adherent J774G8 macrophages cells.
Highlights
Medicinal plants are an important source of natural compounds with biological properties, including antimicrobial effects
Piper ovatum Vahl (Piperaceae), an herbaceous plant occurring throughout Brazil, is popularly known as “joão burandi” or “anesthetic.” It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammations and as an analgesic [3]
We identified active substances and essential oil compounds obtained from Piper ovatum Vahl, and investigated their antimicrobial activity in vitro
Summary
Medicinal plants are an important source of natural compounds with biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. The genus Piper includes about 700 species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions Because they contain some substances with biological activity, several species of Piper have been studied, and the presence of amides, lignanes, neolignanes, flavonoids, phenolic, terpenes and steroid compounds has been reported [4,5]. Antimicrobial properties have been reported for other Piper species: P. lanceafolium showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and extracts of P. regnellii showed antibacterial and antifungal activity [7,8]. We identified active substances and essential oil compounds obtained from Piper ovatum Vahl, and investigated their antimicrobial activity in vitro
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