Abstract
The study was planned to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Verbena rigida Spreng. cultivated in Egypt. The essential oil from aerial parts of Verbena rigida Spreng. was prepared by hydrodistillation in a yield of 0.26 % v/w. The chemical composition of the essential oil has been elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. The prepared essential oil was tested against selected species of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and Candida species using disc diffusion method and MICs were determined using broth micro-dilution method. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil of Verbena rigida, the major components were isobornyl formate (35.2%) and citral (32.9%). The essential oil showed significant antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillis subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 25 µg/mL for E. coli and 50 µg/mL for other sensitive bacteria. This is the first study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of V. rigida, it proved that the essential oil of V. rigida possesses potential antimicrobial properties and could in the future represent a new source of natural antiseptic agents.
Highlights
Despite remarkable progress made in medicine, transmissible diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites remain major health threats globally
The essential oil showed significant antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillis subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) 25 μg/mL for E. coli and 50 μg/mL for other sensitive bacteria. This is the first study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of V. rigida, it proved that the essential oil of V. rigida possesses potential antimicrobial properties and could in the future represent a new source of natural antiseptic agents
The yield of essential oil prepared by hydro-distillation from the aerial parts of V. rigida was 0.26 % v/w
Summary
Despite remarkable progress made in medicine, transmissible diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites remain major health threats globally. Their impacts are massive in developing countries where there is extensive unavailability of modern medicines and a high rate of development of drug resistance [1]. The emergence of drug resistance, as well as lack of availability of certain antibiotics, must lead to the search of new antimicrobial agents mainly from natural sources with the goal to discover new chemical agents, which overcome these problems [2]. Several Verbena species (Verbenaceae) are traditionally used in many countries to treat diarrhea, fever, gastrointestinal disorders and some sexually transmitted diseases [4]. Monographs on "Verbenae herba" have been included in the European Pharmacopoeia since 2008, and in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1995 [6]
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