Abstract
Waste oil was extracted from lollipop effluent stream using a mixture of organic solvents viz. n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Lollipop effluent samples found to contain ~ 10-18 wt.% oil. Subsequently, the oil was subjected to biodiesel synthesis under solvent free condition using chemical and enzymatic catalysts. Among the base catalysts used, KOH catalyzed reaction gave highest biodiesel yield (99 %) in 20 minutes. Furthermore, nine different lipases were screened as catalysts for biodiesel preparation from lollipop effluent oil. The screening experiments revealed that Novozyme-435 was best among the lipases which gave 94 % biodiesel in 18 h at 40 0C.
Highlights
Confectionery industries contribute immensely towards global food supply (Henricus, 1980)
These are non-edible in nature and needs to be managed from the circular economy perspective (Karmee, 2016a, 2016b, 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Karmee et al, 2015, 2018)
KOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, methanol, diethyl ether and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) of analytical grades were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Associated Chemical Enterprises (ACE), Johannesburg, South Africa
Summary
Confectionery industries contribute immensely towards global food supply (Henricus, 1980). Liquid and solid wastes generated from confectionery industries contain substantial amount of lipids and carbohydrates These are non-edible in nature and needs to be managed from the circular economy perspective (Karmee, 2016a, 2016b, 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Karmee et al, 2015, 2018). These wastes can be valorised for biofuel production. In this context, majority of the world’s energy needs are met by burning natural gas, petroleum based fuels and coal. Confectionery industrial effluent streams containing oils and carbohydrates can be directly valorised for bioenergy production (Figure 1).
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