Chemical Analysis of Phytochemical for the Anethum Graveolens L. Fresh and Commercial Dry by Gas Chromatography Mass- Spectrometer

Abstract

Anethum graveolens L. is a plant belong to umbelliferae family. The aim of this study compare the phytochemical of different volatile oil extract from fresh air plant and commercial dry A. graveolens from market in Karbala Iraq, by soxhlet apparatus for a bout 24 hours, The results indicated the percentage of volatile oils differed significantly as a result of being affected by the type of plant, The fresh A.graveolens gave the height percentage of the volatile oils extract (4. 17%, while the dry A. graveolens gave the lower percentage of the volatile oils extract (2. 5%), Then phytochemical screen wer performed for fresh A. graveolens extract and revealed positive results for Saponin, Phenol and Tanin, Glycoside, Alkaloid and Flavonoid while the dry showed positive results for Saponin, Phenol and Tanin while Glycoside, Alkaloid and Flavonoid negative results. The Gas chromatography mass-spectrometer analysis were done for the fresh results showed that essential oil of fresh A.graveolens 30 compounds and had the highest compound concentration Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester reaching it is percentage (28.93%) followed 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (27.60%), Then 9.12-Octadecadienoic acid compound concentration (10.52%). concentration the dry A.graveolens, the study showed that it contain 30 compound and that the compound Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, pentad has the highest compound concentration of (21.41%) followed by the Thymol 12.41%, then 2-Dodecylcycobutanone with concentration of (8.81%).