Abstract
Purpose: To conduct gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the chemical compositions of dill seed essential oil (DSEO) obtained by supercritical CO2.
 Methods: The impact on extraction yield were examined by single factor test, the particle size of dill seed, extraction temperature, time, pressure, as well as CO2 flux. The best extraction conditions were obtained by an orthogonal test. The chemical configurations of essential oil were examined by GC-MS analysis.
 Results: The optimal extraction conditions included an extraction time of 120 min, particle size of 60 mesh, CO2 flow of 25 L/h, temperature of 40oC, and pressure of 20 MPa. Under these conditions, the yield of essential oil was 6.7 %. Out of 38 recognized compounds, the main ones were D-carvone (40.36 %), D-limonene (19.31 %), apiol (17.50 %), α-pinene (6.43 %), 9-octadecenoic acid (9.00 %) as well as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (2.44 %).
 Conclusion: A total of 38 constituents of the essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 were identified. The findings may provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive utilization of dill seed essential oil (DSEO) from China.
Highlights
Dill is widely cultivated in India, the Middle East, Russia, Egypt, Thailand, and China, where its leaves and seeds are used as an herb or spice for flavoring food
Matured dill seeds are rich in right-hand carvone, limonene, and apopinol and are commonly used to extract essential oil
The chemical composition of dill seed essential oil (DSEO) varies depending on different geographic origins
Summary
Dill is widely cultivated in India, the Middle East, Russia, Egypt, Thailand, and China, where its leaves and seeds are used as an herb or spice for flavoring food. The effects on the extraction yield of DSEO under various extraction situations, such as the particle size of raw materials, the extraction pressure, temperature, CO2 flux, and the extraction time, were discussed to find the optimum parameters [6,10]. The extraction yield of DSEO was discussed by using single factor test and orthogonal array experiments.
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