Abstract
A dynamic and mutualistic interaction between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes the progression and metastasis of solid tumors. Cancer immunotherapy is becoming a major treatment paradigm for a variety of cancers. Although immunotherapy, especially the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has achieved clinical success, only a minority of patients exhibits durable responses. Clinical studies directed at identifying appropriate biomarkers and immune profiles that can be used to predict immunotherapy responses are presently being conducted. Combining treatment strategies tailored to cancer‐immune interactions are designed to increase the rate of durable clinical response in patients. It is essential to establish a reasonable tumor classification strategy according to TME to improve cancer immunotherapy. In the current review, a modified classification of TME is proposed, and optimization of TME classification is needed through detailed and integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts in the future.
Highlights
The successful growth and eventual metastasis of a tumor are determined by genetic changes within tumor cells, and by the adaptive advantage of such genetic alterations in a given tumor microenvironment (TME)
To formulate a more suitable treatment plan for specific TME, we summarize the factors that need to be considered in the evaluation of TME and propose a new immune profile that classifies cancer and guides the checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy
Half of the PD-L1-positive tumors were unresponsive, while a significant portion of PD-L 1-n egative patients responded to the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. These findings indicate that the immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection of PD-L 1 is not a perfect biomarker of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy
Summary
The successful growth and eventual metastasis of a tumor are determined by genetic changes within tumor cells, and by the adaptive advantage of such genetic alterations in a given tumor microenvironment (TME).
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