Abstract
Upsurges and downsurges are calculated and plotted for a simple pump discharge line provided with an air chamber. Basic parameters such as pipeline constant, air chamber parameter, pipe wall friction, and orifice resistance are used. The results of this paper can be used to determine the necessary volume of the air chamber. Computer studies indicate that the assumption of the rigid water column and the concentration of pipe friction at the pump end of the pipeline yields reasonably good results at the pump end; however, because of these assumptions, large errors in estimation of both upsurges and downsurges occur at the midpoint and particularly at the quarter point of the pipeline. Pipe friction has a substantially different effect on surges than that of the orifice resistance; these two effects should therefore be considered separately. A differential orifice is recommended and considered; this orifice should have a low resistance to flow out of the chamber.
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