Abstract
The surface treatments by annealing in vacuum and by low energy ion irradiation have been used for inhomogeneous modification of the bulk conductivity of lithium niobate single crystals. The obtained inhomogeneous conductivity resulted in significant decreasing of external electric field in the treated volume. The inhomogeneous field distribution allowed us to obtain the polarization reversal in the bulk only, which led to formation of the domains with charged domain walls. The geometry of charged domain walls has been investigated by various methods. The proposed treatment techniques can be used for domain engineering in lithium niobate crystals.
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