Abstract
Anodic oxidation of graphite in H 2SO 4 generally leads to the formation of intercalation compounds of the “ionic salt” type via incorporation of HSO 4 − ions and H 2SO 4 molecules into the graphite. Several other reactions also occur at various points of the charging cycle. We have examined them in detail by the following in situ measurements: metallic reflectance spectra, basal plane conductivity σ a, X-ray diffraction, and coulometry. the distinct phenomena are invoked to explain our results. 1. (1) “Overcharging” consists of conversion of H 2SO 4 to active HSO 4 − with no weight uptake. This process enhances the metallic character of the compound. 2. (2) Peroxidation of HSO 4 − to S 2O 8 2− consumes large amounts of charge but does not strongly affect the electronic properties. 3. (3) “Overoxidation” involves direct oxidation of the graphite, forming covalent CO bonds which scatter free carriers, thus degrading the conductivity
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