Abstract
We introduce a simplified method to calculate the cross sections and rates of ionization and recombination of accelerated ions with arbitrary nuclear charge Z and atomic mass number A. Calculations of equilibrium and nonequilibrium charge states of the element Tellurium (Te, Z = 52) are presented for the first time. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by showing that predictions for Si and Fe are in agreement at energies characteristic for energetic (≥0.15 MeV nucleon−1) ultraheavy ions with the results of a more sophisticated model. We find that while the charge states for Te come out higher than those for Fe under similar conditions, the Q/A values for Te fall consistently below those for Fe over the entire energy range and under all comparable conditions, thus extending the trend in Q/A that is observed when going to higher mass elements. Implications of our results for the observed enrichments of ultraheavy ions in solar energetic particle events are discussed.
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