Abstract
This study develops and characterizes the distinctive mechanical features of a stainless-steel metal stent with a tailored structure. A high-precision femtosecond laser was used to micromachine a stent with re-entrant hexagonal (auxetic) cell geometry. We then characterized its mechanical behavior under various mechanical loadings using in vitro experiments and through finite element analysis. The stent properties, such as the higher capability of the stent to bear upon bending, exceptional advantage at elevated levels of twisting angles, and proper buckling, all ensured a preserved opening to maintain the blood flow. The outcomes of this preliminary study present a potential design for a stent with improved physiologically relevant mechanical conditions such as longitudinal contraction, radial strength, and migration of the stent.
Highlights
Diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, genetic defects, and aging, result in alterations in the mechanics of arteries, such as the development of artery blockage, contraction, twisting, elongation, tortuosity, kinking, and curving
Force-displacement curves for all three specimens of auxetic stents under three-point bending in Figure 4a present a nonlinear behavior under bending loading
Mechanical evaluation of polymer/plastic auxetic stents is available in the literature [32,33,61,62]; the auxetic bare-metal stent produced by femtosecond micromachining has not been studied for in vitro mechanical and finite element analysis (FEA) simulations under mechanical loading
Summary
Diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, genetic defects, and aging, result in alterations in the mechanics of arteries, such as the development of artery blockage, contraction, twisting, elongation, tortuosity, kinking, and curving These changes cause several cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease, which reduce the ability of the heart to pump enough blood within the vessels and arteries, leading to heart failure. Balloon angioplasty followed by the placement of a stent is the most common therapy used to open these blocked arteries [7,8,9,10,11] This procedure utilizes a catheter to place a stent in blood vessels narrowed by plaque build-up. In 1986, the first metal stent was implanted into a human coronary artery
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