Abstract
Objective: Develop and evaluate a canine experimental model of penile sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using a combination of patent blue dye (PB) and technetium99m phytate (99mTc). Methods: The experiment sampled healthy adult male mongrel dogs (N=19; 10-20 kg). After approval by the local ethics committee, we injected99mTc in the glans penis along the midline raphe. After 10 min, PB was injected in the same region. Ten minutes later, we identified hot spots within the inguinals and iliac artery areausing a gamma probe. We dissected identified sites to quantify the radiation at the SLN in vivo and ex vivo and accounted for the stained and unstained nodes. We analyzed the results for statistical significance and determined the level of agreement between the two methods. Results: SLNs were detected in 94.76% of the cases using PB and 99mTc. There was no difference (p>0.05) between the SLNs-count on the left and the right side. However, PB and 99mTc correlated well on the right side (kappa index: 0.642) and perfectly on the left side (kappa index: 1), indicating a high level of consistency. Conclusion: The experimental canine model of penile SLN, in our study, was shown to be feasible.
Highlights
Develop and evaluate a canine experimental model of penile sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using a combination of patent blue dye (PB) and technetium99m phytate (99mTc)
In Brazil, penile carcinoma (PC) is a rare neoplasm; representing only 2% of all malignant tumors diagnosed in PHQ$FFRUGLQJWR¿JXUHVSXEOLVKHGE\,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGR Câncer (INCA) in 2013, 396 deaths were linked to PC whose main prevalence was in the north and northeast region.[1]
Our objective was to develop and evaluate an experimental canine model of penile sentinel lymph node detection using a combination of patent blue dye and technetium99m phytate
Summary
In Brazil, penile carcinoma (PC) is a rare neoplasm; representing only 2% of all malignant tumors diagnosed in PHQ$FFRUGLQJWR¿JXUHVSXEOLVKHGE\,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGR Câncer (INCA) in 2013, 396 deaths were linked to PC whose main prevalence was in the north and northeast region.[1] Usually, PC disseminates via the lymphatic system by embolism rather than by lymphatic permeation. Tumor staging is vital in programming treatment options, especially in patients with clinical disease but negative lymph node involvement. Prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy been shown to increase cure indices up to 80%, but it is marred with high levels of morbidity, psychological distress and functional disability. Unnecessary performed lymphadenectomy is associated with high levels of complications, among them hemorrhage, site infection, deep vein thrombosis and lymphedema.[3] advances in sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection procedures have made it possible to identify patients with lymph node involvement. Advances in sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection procedures have made it possible to identify patients with lymph node involvement. 7KXVWKH\DUHOLNHO\WREHQH¿WIURPO\PSKDGHQHFWRP\
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