Abstract
According to distribution of genus Achillea, two main centers of diversity occur in S.E. Europe and S.W. Asia. Diversified essential oil compositions from Balkan Peninsula have been numerously reported. However, report on essential oils of Achillea species growing in Turkey, which is one of the main centers of diversity, is very limited. This paper represents the chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of eleven Achillea species, identified simultaneously by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components were found to be 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, viridiflorol, nonacosane, α-bisabolol, caryophyllene oxide, α-bisabolon oxide A, β-eudesmol, 15-hexadecanolide and camphor. The chemical principal component analysis based on thirty compounds identified three species groups and a subgroup, where each group constituted a chemotype. This is the first report on the chemical composition of A. hamzaoglui essential oil; as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of its essential oil and methanolic extract.
Highlights
The genus Achillea L. belongs to Asteraceae (Compositae), which is the largest family of vascular plants and distributed throughout the world
We have investigated essential oil composition of A. biebersteinii Afan., A. coarctata Poir., A. kotschyi Boiss. subsp. kotschyi, A. lycaonica Boiss. & Heldr., A. millefolium L. subsp. millefolium, A. schischkinii Sosn., A. setacea Waldst. & Kit., A. sintenisii Hub.-Mor., A. vermicularis Trin. and A. wilhelmsii C.Koch
Eleven Achillea essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from air dried aerial parts and subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS systems
Summary
The genus Achillea L. belongs to Asteraceae (Compositae), which is the largest family of vascular plants and distributed throughout the world. Among the monoterpenes 1,8-cineole, found in almost every essential oil, was reported to be the most frequently identified component. Beside α- and β-pinenes, monoterpenes having p-menthane, thujone and pinane skeletons, as mentioned, as the most frequent components have been reported Sesquiterpenes, both hydrocarbones and oxygenated ones, have been reported in a considerable number of species. Reports on essential oils of Achillea species growing in Turkey, which is located in both S.E. Europe and S.W. Asia, and considered one of the main centers of diversity, are very limited. Considered one of the main centers of diversity, are very limited This is the first report on essential oil composition of A. hamzaoglui Arabacı & Budak, which is the most recently. Wilhelmsii growing in Turkey, in addition to that of A. hamzaoglui, of which, A. lycaonica, A. schischkinii, A. sintenisii and A. hamzaoglui are endemic species Subsp. wilhelmsii growing in Turkey, in addition to that of A. hamzaoglui, of which, A. lycaonica, A. schischkinii, A. sintenisii and A. hamzaoglui are endemic species
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