Characterization of two new human oncogenes.

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The first oncogenes discovered were the transforming genes of the oncogenic viruses (reviewed by Bishop 1985). The subsequent discovery that the oncogenes of retroviruses were derived from normal host cellular genes provided the first direct evidence that cellular genomes contain genes with transforming potential. More recently, the development of techniques for DNA transfer in eukaryotic cells led to the discovery of cellular transforming genes in tumor cells by their ability to induce foci of transformed NIH-3T3 cells (reviewed by Land et al. 1983). Several new oncogenes have been discovered this way, including N-ras (Shimizu et al. 1983), met (Cooper et al. 1984), neu (Bargmann et al. 1986), and possible others (Goubin et al. 1983; Lane et al. 1984; Takahashi et al. 1985).