Characterization of Thermal and Physical properties of Biofield Treated Acrylamide and 2-Chloroacetamide

Mahendra Kt,Shrikant P

doi:10.4172/2161-0401.1000143

Abstract

Acrylamide (AM) and 2-chloroacetamide (CA) are widely used in diverse applications such as biomedical, drug delivery, waste water treatment, and heavy metal ion removal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of amide group containing compounds (AM and CA). The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface area analysis. XRD of treated AM showed decrease in intensity of peaks as compared to control sample. However, the treated AM showed increase in volume of unit cell (0.16%) and molecular weight (0.16%) as compared to control. The crystallite size was decreased by 33.34% in treated AM as compared to control Whereas, the XRD diffractogram of treated CA showed increase in intensity of crystalline peaks as compared to control. The percentage volume of unit cell (-1.92%) and molecular weight (-1.92%) of treated CA were decreased as compared to control. However, significant increase in crystallite size (129.79%) was observed in treated CA as compared to control. DSC of treated AM showed increase in melting temperature as compared to control sample. Similarly, the treated CA also showed increase in melting temperature with respect to control. Latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was significantly changed in treated AM and CA as compared to control samples. TGA showed increase in thermal stability of treated AM and CA which was evidenced by increase in thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) as compared to control. Surface area analysis of treated AM showed increase (31.6%) in surface area as compared to control. However, a decrease (30.9%) in surface area was noticed in treated CA as compared to control. Study results suggest that biofield treatment has significant impact on the physical and thermal properties of AM and CA.

Highlights

Acrylamide (AM) is a monomer used for synthesis of polyacrylamide that is commonly utilized for biomedical, pharmaceutical and wastewater treatment applications
The volume of unit cell, crystallite size and change in molecular weight were computed from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram using Powder X software
It is assumed that presence of these internal strains might be a reason for fracturing the grains into sub grains which leads to decrease in crystallite size of treated sample

Summary

Introduction

Acrylamide (AM) is a monomer used for synthesis of polyacrylamide that is commonly utilized for biomedical, pharmaceutical and wastewater treatment applications. AM based polymer was introduced as a support matrix for electrophoresis in 1959 [1]. AM based polymers are widely used in areas such as enzyme immobilization [3,4], carrier for delivery of drugs and bioactive compounds [5,6,7,8,9], stimuli responsive materials [10,11] and in non-absorbable soft tissue fillers used for body contouring in reconstructive surgery [12]. The AM and CA have toxicity problems which need to be addressed in order to make it useful for other areas such as biomedical and novel drug development. Biofield treatment has been recently used as a strategy for changing the atomic and physical properties of various materials [17,18,19,20]

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Conclusion