Abstract
Powdery mildew infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a destructive disease that threatens yield and quality worldwide. The most effective and preferred means for the control of the disease is to identify broad-spectrum resistance genes for breeding, especially the genes derived from elite cultivars that exhibit desirable agronomic traits. Jimai 23 is a Chinese wheat cultivar with superior agronomic performance, high-quality characteristics, and effective resistance to powdery mildew at all growth stages. Genetic analysis indicated that powdery mildew resistance in Jimai 23 was mediated by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmJM23. Using bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq), a series of markers was developed and used to map PmJM23. PmJM23 was then located at the Pm2 locus on the short arm of chromosome 5D (5DS). Resistance spectrum analysis demonstrated that PmJM23 provided a broad resistance spectrum different from that of the documented Pm2 alleles, indicating that PmJM23 is most likely a new allele of Pm2. In view of these combined agronomic, quality, and resistance findings, PmJM23 is expected to be a valuable resistance gene in wheat breeding. To efficiently use PmJM23 in breeding, the closely linked markers of PmJM23 were evaluated and confirmed to be applicable for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Using these markers, a series of resistant breeding lines with high resistance and desirable agronomic performance was selected from the crosses involving PmJM23, resulting in improved powdery mildew resistance of these lines.
Highlights
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major grain crops worldwide, and its high and stable yield plays an important role in food security
The results were consistent with those of YT01. These results suggested that the powdery mildew resistance in Jimai 23 may be controlled by a single dominant gene, whereas powdery mildew resistance in Jimai is controlled by two dominant genes that fit independent separation of Mendelian law and that Jimai most likely inherited one of the two Pm genes of Jimai 22
The results indicated that all the tested markers can amplify polymorphic bands between Jimai 23 and these tested cultivars, suggesting that once PmJM23 is transferred into these genetic backgrounds through hybridization, these markers can be used to detect PmJM23 (Figure 3 and Supplementary Table S2)
Summary
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major grain crops worldwide, and its high and stable yield plays an important role in food security. Tritici (Bgt) is one of the most damaging diseases, typically decreasing wheat yield by 10–15% and up to 50% in severe cases (Morgounov et al, 2012; Xu et al, 2015). In China alone, the area of winter wheat affected annually by powdery mildew has exceeded 6 m ha in recent decades, causing 300,000 tons of crop loss each year. Improved host resistance provides an attractive opportunity for the development of an effective and environmentally acceptable means to control this disease (Ma et al, 2015a, 2018, 2019). There is an urgent need to mine and utilize more effective resistance sources to increase the genetic diversity of Pm genes
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