Characterization of the full matrix constants of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics

Abstract

Fabricating high-quality, large-size Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) ceramics is challenging; therefore, the full matrix constants of BIT ceramics have not been characterized, which notably hinders their applications. In this study, the elastic stiffness constants c11E and c33D of the BIT ceramics were determined using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method. In addition, the elastic stiffness constants c12E, c13E, c33E, and c44E were determined using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Furthermore, the piezoelectric stress constants e15, e31, and e33 of BIT ceramics were calculated using the formula for the relationship between different material constants.