Abstract
Heat stress during the early formative stages of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel development is detrimental to subsequent growth and grain yield. During this period, even a brief exposure to temperature above the optimum (25°C) can result in significant yield losses. The mechanisms involved in this response are not well understood, but appear to be associated with a thermally induced shift in hormone balance (cytokinin/ABA), which results in a reduction in kernel sink capacity (i.e. number of endosperm cells and starch granules formed) and the disruption of sugar metabolism and starch biosynthesis. However, the effect of heat stress on the morphology and ultra-structure of kernel component tissues (pedicel, pericarp, endosperm, and embryo) has not been studied. Therefore, the objective of our current study was to characterize heat stress induced changes in the pericarp (maternal) and the embryo (embryonic) tissues using SEM.
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