Abstract
The contamination of areas around solid urban waste dumps is a global challenge for the maintenance of environmental quality in large urban centres in developing countries. This study applied a geophysical method (electrical resistivity) to identify leachate contamination plumes in the subsoil and groundwater, as well as to describe their temporal dynamics (2020 and 2021) in the surroundings of the Hulene-B waste dump, Maputo, Mozambique. Eight 400 m electrical resistivity profiles were performed, four profiles in January 2020 and four profiles in May 2021 overlapped, and the data were inverted with RES2D software. The electrical resistivity models predominantly indicate an E-W movement of large contamination plumes that are successively diluted with saturated media and groundwater, creating zones of less resistive anomalies (<4.2–8.5 Ω·m) possibly contaminated at the two analysed seasons, between 2020–2021. The thickness of the contamination plumes was higher in summer (2020) for profiles 1 and 2, and we associate it with the production and migration mechanisms of leachate that are intense in the hot and rainy season. Southwest of the dump, profile 4b showed the propagation of anomalous areas on the surface and at depth, which are associated with the production of leachate resulting from the continuous decomposition of waste that is continuously deposited in a new area southwest of the dump, thus generating a slow and continuous migration of leachate at depth, mainly in winter (2021). The spatial distribution of contamination plumes during both seasons was reduced significantly farther away from the waste deposit, revealing the attenuating effect of groundwater and lithological substrate (Profile 3).
Highlights
IntroductionWaste generation has increased in quantity and diversity worldwide, resulting from population explosion and economic growth [1,2]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralIn recent decades, waste generation has increased in quantity and diversity worldwide, resulting from population explosion and economic growth [1,2]
The interpretation of the electrical resistivity models allowed for the understanding of the leachate formation areas, dynamics, and dispersion of contamination plumes in the groundwater as well as for comparing the variations of the resistive anomalies (2020–2021)
Summary
Waste generation has increased in quantity and diversity worldwide, resulting from population explosion and economic growth [1,2]. The global annual production of municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2025 is expected to reach about 2.2 billion metric tons [3]. This fact implies many challenges in defining and managing the final disposal sites for municipal solid waste [4,5]. It is estimated that about 33% of municipal solid waste produced worldwide is disposed of improperly [3]. Several studies have reported environmental problems associated with poor solid waste disposal [6]. Morita et al [7]
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