Characterization of sustainable emulsions made from resin-based biobinder for road pavement applications

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the potential of employing an innovative eco-friendly resin-based binder, rather than bitumen, for the production of emulsions intended for road pavement applications. Therefore, the goal of this research was to better understand both the novel biobinder and new bioemulsion design and manufacturing processes. Initially, the resin-based biobinder underwent comprehensive characterization. Three physical properties—needle penetration, ring and ball softening points, and density—were determined. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to analyze the chemical functionality. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to investigate the thermal properties of the biobinders. Lastly, rheological analysis of the resin-based biobinder was carried out utilizing viscosity graphs generated by a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results were compared with those obtained for two commercial penetration-grade bitumen samples (B35/50 and B50/70). Secondly, some bitumen emulsions (bioemulsions) were manufactured using 100% of resin-based biobinders in place of bitumen. These bioemulsions were characterized using standard tests for bitumen emulsions. Resin-based biobinders exhibit considerable potential. Specifically, their penetration grade closely resembles that of commercially available penetration-grade bitumen. Moreover, their light coloration facilitates the production of environmentally harmonious pavements. Furthermore, a notable enhancement in workability was attained. Additionally, all bioemulsions met standard specifications. Owing to their viscosity and other characteristics, these bioemulsions could be obtained at lower temperatures with ease, enabling the preparation of emulsions with higher proportions of binder. This, in turn, implies reduced energy consumption and consequently, diminished CO2 emissions.