Abstract
A laboratory prototype for hyperspectral imaging in ultra-violet (UV) region from 225 to 400 nm was developed and used to rapidly characterize active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in tablets. The APIs are ibuprofen (IBU), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and paracetamol (PAR). Two sample sets were used for a comparison purpose. Sample set one comprises tablets of 100% API and sample set two consists of commercially available painkiller tablets. Reference measurements were performed on the pure APIs in liquid solutions (transmission) and in solid phase (reflection) using a commercial UV spectrometer. The spectroscopic part of the prototype is based on a pushbroom imager that contains a spectrograph and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The tablets were scanned on a conveyor belt that is positioned inside a tunnel made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in order to increase the homogeneity of illumination at the sample position. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate the hyperspectral data of the drug samples. The first two PCs are sufficient to completely separate all samples. The rugged design of the prototype opens new possibilities for further development of this technique towards real large-scale application.
Highlights
The aim of this study is to develop a hyperspectral imaging system in the UV wavelength range for the in-line characterization of pharmaceutical tablets
First the liquid solutions of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) were measured and compared to the results found in the literature
ASApure exhibits a broad maximum at approximately 228 nm and a further, more pronounced but less intense maximum at around 277 nm
Summary
A large number of remote sensing applications have been developed over the last decade [1] This led to establish non-destructive imaging systems that are able to quickly identify quality problems within the scanned area [2,3]. Spectral imaging involves both spectral and spatial information of any particular sample or region within an area of interest, each pixel represents spectral and spatial information. Imaging systems can be realized in the modes of hyperspectral and multispectral imaging The difference between these modes is the number and width of the recorded spectral bands. Two of the dimensions are reserved for the spatial information (x, y coordinate) while the third dimension represents the spectroscopic information (λ coordinate) [6,9,10]
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