Abstract

The main objective of the study was to prepare tamarind seed polysaccharide grafted copolymers of polyacrylamide (TSP-g-Am) using a 32 factorial design. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) was extracted, and grafted copolymer of TSP was prepared using polyacrylamide as copolymer and ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. Various batches (F1-F9) of TSP-g-Am were prepared, among which F1 showed highest grafting efficiency; hence, the prepared TSP-g-Am (F1) was evaluated for grafting efficiency, conversion, effect of initiator and further characterized using SEM analysis, contact angle determination, DSC analysis, swelling index, swelling and deswelling, and chemical resistance. The contact angle of TSP was found to be 81 ± 2, and that of TSP-g-Am (F1) was found to be 74 ± 2, which indicates that the wetting ability of the grafted copolymer was less than that of the native polymer. The results of thermal analysis indicated that TSP-g-Am had a more stable molecular structure than TSP. The morphology of the grafted polymer was observed from SEM images, and it was observed that the particles was asymmetrical. Antimicrobial activity was also found in the grafted copolymer. The present study concludes that the TSP-g-Am showed an excellent performance in thermal stability and swelling capacity compared with TSP. The detailed structural characteristics, as well as the excellent thermal stability and swelling capacities, will make it beneficial to use the synthesised copolymer as a precursor for the production of large-scale eco-friendly advanced materials with a wide range of applications, acting as a stabiliser, thickener, binder, release retardant, modifier, suspending agent, viscosity enhancer, emulsifying agent, or carrier for novel drug delivery systems in oral, buccal, colon, and ocular systems, and in nanofabrication and wound dressing, and it is also becoming an important part of food, cosmetics, confectionery, and bakery.

Highlights

  • Natural polymers have been a saviour in the pharmaceutical industry during the last few decades

  • Acrylamide, cerric ammonium nitrate, ethanol and acetone were of analytical reagent grade (CDS, Delhi, India)

  • Zone of Inhibition in mm Tamarind gum graft copolymers of polyacrylamide were successfully synthesized by using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator and under the control of microwave exposure

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Summary

Introduction

Natural polymers have been a saviour in the pharmaceutical industry during the last few decades. Despite having such attractive characteristics, natural polymers possess drawbacks such as uncontrolled hydration, microbial contamination, and batch-to-batch variation. To overcome these limitations and to impart new and improved properties, it is necessary to chemically or physically modify such polymers [3,4]. As reported in a study by Thakur et al, the chemical modification of gums minimizes these drawbacks, it enables their use for specific drug delivery purposes [5]. The modification of natural polymers enhances their drug delivery properties and versatility. The study by Bhosle et al, showed that the modification or grafting of polymers has been attracting increasing attention for the production of tuneable polymeric materials [6]. There are various methods for the modification of gums, like grafting, cross linking, derivative formation, and polymer–polymer binding

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