Abstract
In this study, leachate and sediment samples were collected from the leachate drains, ponds and waste pits of three landfills in the Indochina peninsula to investigate the level of contamination of biochemical parameters, especially heavy metals. In-situ and laboratory measurements were conducted, together with site surveys to discuss the effects of site characteristics on leachate qualities. It was confirmed from the investigation that the changes in leachate qualities are mainly caused by the landfill site conditions, e.g., soil cover, the waste compaction level, waste thickness, dumping method, and leachate storage, and that these conditions lead to different levels of dilution and biochemical reaction of the leachate. Most of the biochemical parameters of the fresh leachates were greater than the effluent standards, and showed higher concentrations than those measured for the leachate in large storage ponds. The concentrations of the parameters were higher in the dry season than the wet season for all fresh leachate samples, but no significant seasonal difference was observed in the large leachate storage ponds. The majority of heavy metals were partitioned in the suspended solids, and no clear seasonal change of heavy metal contents was contained in the suspended solids and sediment samples.
Highlights
Landfill is a primary facility for municipal solid waste disposal in most countries, especially in the South East Asian region, where many countries are under developing country status, and some of them are still on the list of least-developed countries
Quantity, and its characteristics are directly related to the waste management practices, climate conditions, and waste characteristics, as well as the landfill operation method, and the leachate can be a primary source of various contaminants and pollutions
The leachate quality is mainly influenced by waste characteristics, including the waste composition, age, and site operation methods such as compaction level, daily cover, pretreatment, liquid waste co-disposal, and quality and quantity of water entering the landfill
Summary
Landfill is a primary facility for municipal solid waste disposal in most countries, especially in the South East Asian region, where many countries are under developing country status, and some of them are still on the list of least-developed countries. The leachate quality is mainly influenced by waste characteristics, including the waste composition, age, and site operation methods such as compaction level, daily cover, pretreatment, liquid waste co-disposal, and quality and quantity of water entering the landfill. Another important factor is chemical reactions such as biodegradation, adsorption, hydrolysis, dissolution, dilution, partitioning, and precipitation [4]. The impacts of landfill leachate on the surface and groundwater have given rise to a number of studies in recent decades [14,15,16]
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