Abstract
Odorants were extracted from four Coilia ectenes (Yangtze River-Coilia, East China sea-Coilia, Chao Lake-Coilia and Yellow River-Coilia) by MonoTrap™ and analyzed by the headspace-monolithic material sorptive extraction technique combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry (GC–MS–O). A total of 63 volatile compounds were identified. The results of GC–MS–O analysis associated with odor intensity revealed that trimethylamine (fishy, ammonia-like), 1-penten-3-ol (mushroom, cabbage), N,N-diethyl-formamide (roasted meaty), hexanal (grassy, earthy), ethylbenzene (nutty, floral), (Z)-4-heptenal (fishy, boiled potato), benzaldehyde (almond, metallic), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom, cabbage), nonanal (oily), and decanal (green, oily) were the important odorants in the four species of Coilia ectenes. Furthermore, trimethylamine and 1-penten-3-ol were common to four Coilia ectenes. TMA (fishy, ammonia-like), 1-penten-3-ol (mushroom, cabbage), N,N-diethyl-formamide (roasted meaty), hexanal (grassy, earthy), (Z)-4-heptenal (fishy, boiled potato), and benzaldehyde (almond, metallic) were included in Yangtze River-Coilia; TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, ethylbenzene (nutty, floral), (Z)-4-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom, earthy), and nonanal (oily) in East China sea-Coilia; TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, ethylbenzene, 1-octen-3-ol and nonanal in Chao Lake-Coilia; and TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, hexanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ol and decanal (green, oily) in Yellow River-Coilia.
Highlights
Coilia ectenes related to Osteichthyes, Clupeiformes, and Engraulidae, is an important fish species that migrates from near-ocean waters to freshwater rivers every spring
On comparing the compounds found in Coilia ectenes, we found that 20 volatile compounds were common to all four Coilia ectenes
Results showed that the important odorants including TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, N,N-diethyl-formamide, hexanal, (Z)-4-heptenal and benzaldehyde in Yangtze River-Coilia; TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, ethylbenzene, (Z)-4-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ol and nonanal in East China seaCoilia;TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, ethylbenzene, 1-octen-3-ol and nonanal in Chao Lake-Coilia, TMA, 1-penten-3-ol, hexanal, (Z)-4-heptenal,1-octen-3-ol and decanal in Yellow River-Coilia
Summary
Coilia ectenes related to Osteichthyes, Clupeiformes, and Engraulidae, is an important fish species that migrates from near-ocean waters to freshwater rivers every spring. In China, Coilia ectenes is mainly classified into the Jianghai migratory type and Lake settlement type according to its survival mode. The Jianghai migratory type migrates periodically between river and sea for some reason, which includes physiological requirements, genetic, and environment factors. The Jianghai migratory type includes Yangtze River-Coilia and East China sea-Coilia. The lake settlement type is a kind of Coilia ectenes living in lakes all through its lifetime, including Chao Lake-Coilia and Yellow RiverCoilia [1]. It was reported that some Coilia ectenes species do not migrate to freshwater rivers due to genetic or environment factors, so there are significant differences between the river-anchovy and sea-anchovy [2]. Its declining production fails to meet the market demands due to overfishing and environmental pollution, thereby contributing to the rise in prices (Yangtze River-Coilia is 8000–12000 yuan/kg, i.e., approximately 1333–2000 US$/ kg) and to the development of Coilia ectenes farming
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