Abstract
BackgroundAdipose tissue normally contains immune cells that regulate adipocyte function and contribute to metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Psoriasis is associated with increased risk for metabolic disease, which may in part be due to adipose dysfunction, which has not been investigated in psoriasis. There is currently no standardized method for immunophenotyping human adipose tissue. In prior studies, characteristic phenotypic markers of immune cell populations identified in animal models or in other human tissues have been applied in a similar manner to human adipose tissue. Rarely have these populations been verified with confirmatory methodologies or functional studies. Thus, we performed a comprehensive phenotypic and functional analysis of immune cell populations in psoriatic adipose tissue.MethodsConventional and imaging flow cytometry were used to define immune cell populations in biopsy specimens of psoriatic adipose tissue (n = 30) including T cells, B cells, NK cells, NKT cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Relationships between adipose immune cell types and body mass index were determined using Spearman regression analysis, and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to adjust for cardiometabolic disease risk factors.ResultsThese analyses revealed a wide range of cell surface receptors on adipose tissue macrophages, which may serve a dual purpose in immunity and metabolism. Further, both CD16+CD56Lo and CD16-CD56Hi NK cells were found to correlate inversely with body mass index. The relationship between the predominant CD16+CD56Lo NK cell population and body mass index persisted after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, and tobacco use.ConclusionsTogether, these studies enhance our understanding of adipose immune cell phenotype and function, and demonstrate that examination of adipose tissue may provide greater insight into cardiometabolic pathophysiology in psoriasis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0258-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Adipose tissue plays important roles in energy storage, thermal equilibrium, endocrine function, and immunity [1]
We have overcome these deficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge conventional and imaging flow cytometry to characterize the immune cell content, phenotype, and function in adipose specimens from patients with the inflammatory skin condition psoriasis, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), [33] and adipose tissue dysfunction [34]
Study population Subcutaneous gluteal adipose tissue biopsies were performed in psoriasis patients (n = 30) aged 18 to 70 years in a consecutive sample from the Psoriasis Atherosclerosis and Cardiometabolic Disease Initiative (PACI; NCT01778569)
Summary
Adipose tissue plays important roles in energy storage, thermal equilibrium, endocrine function, and immunity [1]. Immunophenotyping studies of human adipose have generally assumed that characteristic markers of immune cells described in animal models or in other human tissues can be applied to adipose tissue. We have characterized a NK cell population that correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI) Together, these studies are the first to characterize the immune cell repertoire within psoriatic adipose tissue, and may offer insight into the mediators of CMD in psoriasis. Characteristic phenotypic markers of immune cell populations identified in animal models or in other human tissues have been applied in a similar manner to human adipose tissue. Have these populations been verified with confirmatory methodologies or functional studies. We performed a comprehensive phenotypic and functional analysis of immune cell populations in psoriatic adipose tissue
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