Abstract
Abstract The department of Piura is the main mango producer in Peru accounting for 66.7% of the national crop. The objective of the study was to characterize the fruits of forty varieties of mango preserved since 1969 in northwestern Peru. The fruits were harvested at the El Chira Agrarian Experimental Station, Department of Piura from December 2019 to January 2020. Thirteen quantitative fruit variables were evaluated: width, thickness, length, weight, seed width, seed thickness, seed length, percentage of seed, percentage of fresh skin, percentage of pulp, texture, °Brix, and pulp / seed ratios. The varieties with the highest percentage of pulp were Tommy Atkins, Haden x carabao 1, Irwin, and Jaffra, the latter was also the variety with the highest pulp / seed ratio (17.0). The varieties with the highest ° Brix were Blacman (21.3 ° Brix) and Julie (22.0 ° Brix). Knowledge of the fruit characteristics is essential for proper selection and use by the industry, especially those with a higher pulp weight to obtaining higher yields in processing.
Highlights
Mango belongs to the genus Mangifera, which consists of around 30 species of tropical fruit trees in the Anacardiaceae family, it has been cultivated in India for more than 4000 years, and mango is native to Southeast Asia (SHAH et al, 2010)
Within the period December 2019 - January 2020, 10 ripe fruits were randomly collected for each mango variety; we evaluated the weight, width, thickness, and length of the fruit and the seed, fresh weight of the skin, weight, and texture of the pulp and °Brix
The lightest mango varieties according to the average fruit weight and length were: Ono (155.0 g - 86.0 mm), Saigon (167.0 g - 92.0 mm) and Chirimollo (174.0 g - 75.0 mm)
Summary
Mango belongs to the genus Mangifera, which consists of around 30 species of tropical fruit trees in the Anacardiaceae family, it has been cultivated in India for more than 4000 years, and mango is native to Southeast Asia (SHAH et al, 2010). The diversity of mango fruits is enormous, and each one has its own unique flavour and characteristics. Beginning in the 16th century, mango fruits were gradually distributed throughout the world, reaching the Americas in the 18th century (CRANE et al, 2017). Brazil was the first country in America to cultivate this plant, first introduced by the Portuguese to Rio de Janeiro in the 16th century, expanding throughout the country. In Peru, only the yellow mango variety was registered as Criollo de Chulucanas, and it was introduced in 1810 by the Spaniards. Mangoes have been grown in 22 of Peru’s 24 Departments with an approximate area of 30,817 hectares. The Departments of Piura (66.7%), and Lambayeque (14.6%) together contribute approximately 82% of Peru’s total mango crop (SIEA 2014-2019)
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