Abstract
Some studies have suggested that the immunogenicity of oats depends on the cultivar. RP-HPLC has been proposed as a useful technique to select varieties of oats with reduced immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to identify both the avenin protein patterns associated with low gluten content and the available variability for the development of new non-toxic oat cultivars. The peaks of alcohol-soluble avenins of a collection of landraces and cultivars of oats have been characterized based on the RP-HPLC elution times. The immunotoxicity of oat varieties for patients with celiac disease (CD) has been tested using a competitive ELISA based on G12 monoclonal antibody. The oat lines show, on average, seven avenin peaks giving profiles with certain similarities. Based on this similarity, most of the accessions have been grouped into avenin patterns. The variability of RP-HPLC profiles of the collection is great, but not sufficient to uniquely identify the different varieties of the set. Overall, the immunogenicity of the collection is less than 20 ppm. However, there is a different distribution of toxicity ranges between the different peak patterns. We conclude that the RP-HPLC technique is useful to establish groups of varieties differing in degree of toxicity for CD patients.
Highlights
Parameter n Panicle emergence Plant height Starch Protein Monomeric Aggregate Prolamin Non prolamin Protein/Starch Monomeric/Aggregate Prolamin/Protein
The number of monomeric avenins separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coincides with that found by other authors[3,34] so we can assume that each peak corresponds to a different protein
When what differs is the peak height of a specific avenin relative to the others present in the same chromatogram within a specific group, it could be due to a pattern of expression of the same gene depending on the genetic background, or the coincidence in time of elution of two different avenins. As it has been previously reported, the variation of potential immunotoxicity of oat cultivars could be due to differences in the degree of immunogenicity in their sequences[20]
Summary
Parameter n Panicle emergence Plant height Starch Protein Monomeric Aggregate Prolamin Non prolamin Protein/Starch Monomeric/Aggregate Prolamin/Protein. USA 34 112.8 NS 1.42 NS 34.98* 17.56*** 21.66* 10.73 NS 32.39 NS 143.2*** 0.51* 2.07 NS 0.18 NS breeding program for gluten-free oats[17], and, for that purpose, having tools to determine the availability of genetic variability is essential In a breeding program, molecular and/or genetic markers associated to the characters to be incorporated in a variety facilitate the selection process and, enable a more efficient improvement. Oat avenins could play a role similar to that of the endosperm storage proteins of wheat, which have traditionally been used with a dual purpose since, on the one hand, the electrophoretic profiles of gliadin are useful for varietal identification, secondly, as markers associated to quality parameters. The study will facilitate the selection of outstanding parents adapted to Mediterranean conditions to develop oat varieties suitable for a gluten-free diet
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