Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the epidemiology of third generation cephalosporin resistant Samonella isolates from pork of a slaughterhouse in China and the features of transferable elements carrying blaCTX-M genes. One hundred and twenty-six (7.3%) Salmonella isolates were identified; S. Derby and S. Rissen were the most two prevalent serotypes. Among these isolates 20 (15.8%) were resistant to third generation cephalosporins and nine of them carried blaCTX-M-27. S1-PFGE and replicon typing of blaCTX-M-27-carrying plasmids showed that seven were untypeable plasmids of about 104 Kb and two were IncP plasmids of about 300 Kb. Complete sequence analysis of one PBRT-untypeable plasmid showed it was a P1-like bateriophage, named SJ46, which contained a non-phage-associated region with several mobile elements, including Tn1721, ISEcp1B and IS903D. The other six 104 Kb PBRT-untypeable blaCTX-M-27-carrying plasmids also harboured the same phage-insertion region of SJ46 suggesting that they were the same P1-like bacteriophage. PFGE profiles of the parental strains revealed both potential vertical and horizontal spread of this P1-like blaCTX-M-27-containing element. Additionally, the representative gene of the P1 family bacteriophage, repL, was detected in 19.0% (24/126) of the isolates. This study indicated a potential role of P1-family bacteriophage in capture and spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens.
Highlights
By phages and is thought to be much more frequent than previously believed[11,12]
The acquisition of the ESBL gene blaSHV-2 by a P1-family bacteriophage have been characterized in E. coli, there is no P1-like phage carrying blaCTX-M-type ESBL genes reported in clinical isolates of Salmonella[11]
We estimated the contamination of pork meat by Salmonella and reported the discovery of the transduction of blaCTX-M-27 gene by a P1-like bacteriophage in Salmonella isolated from pork from a slaughterhouse in China
Summary
By phages and is thought to be much more frequent than previously believed[11,12]. Bacteriophages have the ability to shape the bacterial microbiome in any environment. Through specialized or generalized transduction, bacteriophages can transfer genes that are advantageous to their microbial hosts, in turn promoting their own survival and dissemination[13]. Bacteriophage P1, which was isolated in 1951 by Luigi Bertani, infects and lysogenizes Escherichia coli and several other enteric bacteria as independent low-copy-number plasmid-like elements[14]. The acquisition of the ESBL gene blaSHV-2 by a P1-family bacteriophage have been characterized in E. coli, there is no P1-like phage carrying blaCTX-M-type ESBL genes reported in clinical isolates of Salmonella[11]. We estimated the contamination of pork meat by Salmonella and reported the discovery of the transduction of blaCTX-M-27 gene by a P1-like bacteriophage in Salmonella isolated from pork from a slaughterhouse in China
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