Abstract
Calcium Deficient Apatites (CDA’s) were prepared by hydrolysis method. The CDA’s were filtered, washed and calcined at 950âA¯Â?½°C for 11h. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that β-TCP was obtained after calcining Mg-free CDA and β-TCMP or BCMP were obtained after calcining Mg-substituted CDAs, depending on the Mg/Ca molar ratio of the CDA. Physicochemical characterization was also performed by FT-IR spectroscopy and inductive coupled plasma. Phenolphthalein test was performed, in order to investigate the presence of calcium oxide according to the French standard NF S 94-066. SEM images assessed the morphology of the compounds. Cell viability assay (MTT), calcium nodule formation and the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, TGF-β1 and collagen were performed in MC3T3-E1 cell line. β-TCP, β-TCMP and BCMP obtained from hydrolysis method weren’t toxic and promoted cell proliferation, showing potential value in bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
Commercial synthetic calcium phosphate compounds used as bone graft materials include: Hydroxyapatite (HA); Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP); and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) [1]
The calcined powders were submitted to Inductively Coupled Plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP) (Thermo Jarrell Ash, Trace Scan Advantage), where the specimen and standard solutions were pumped through argon plasma, which was excited by 2 kW/27.12 MHz radio frequency generator, to determine their calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations
According to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra, β-TCP was obtained after calcining Mg-free CDA (Figure 1) and β TCMP or BCMP were obtained after calcining Mg-substituted CDAs, depending on the Mg/Ca molar ratio of the CDA (Figure 1)
Summary
Commercial synthetic calcium phosphate compounds used as bone graft materials include: Hydroxyapatite (HA); Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP); and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) [1]. Mg substituted TCP (β-TCMP or Mg-TCP) as well as Mg-substituted BCP (BCMP or Mg-BCP) has been shown to be biocompatible and promote bone formation [2,3,4,5]. Both materials have potential to be applied as scaffolds for bone repair. The overall objective of our study is to develop an Mg-substitute TCP and Mg-substitute BCP as potential materials for 3D printing. The specific aim of this work was to obtain TCP, Mg-substitute TCP and Mg-substitute BCP using the hydrolysis processing method and evaluate the toxicity and biocompatibility of these compounds
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